Transmisión final: Tipos, funcionamiento y mantenimiento

Question 1

Indique el tipo de transmisión final que emplea un conjunto planetario.

Accepted Answer

Transmisión de engranajes epicicloidales

Answer

Transmisión por correa trapezoidal

Answer

Transmisión de engranajes rectos

Answer

Transmisión por cadena de eslabones

Question 2

¿Qué elemento NO forma parte de un conjunto planetario?

Accepted Answer

Eje de transmisión

Answer

Piñón solar

Answer

Satélite

Answer

Corona dentada

Question 3

Señale la función principal del diferencial en una transmisión final.

Accepted Answer

Permitir que las ruedas giren a diferentes velocidades en las curvas.

Answer

Cambiar la relación de transmisión.

Answer

Transmitir el par desde el motor a las ruedas.

Question 4

Indique el síntoma que delata un mal funcionamiento del diferencial.

Accepted Answer

Ruidos extraños al tomar curvas

Answer

Consumo excesivo de combustible

Answer

Dificultad para cambiar de marcha

Answer

Vibraciones en la transmisión

Question 5

¿Cuál es la finalidad del aceite en una transmisión final?

Accepted Answer

Lubricar los componentes y disipar el calor

Answer

Enfriar el motor

Answer

Transmitir el par

Answer

Limpiar los residuos

Question 6

¿Cuál de los siguientes tipos de transmisión final se emplea en vehículos pesados?

Accepted Answer

Transmisión de doble reducción

Answer

Transmisión por cadena de eslabones

Answer

Transmisión de engranajes rectos

Answer

Transmisión por correa trapezoidal

Question 7

Indique el componente de la transmisión final que transmite el par desde la caja de cambios a las ruedas.

Accepted Answer

Eje de transmisión

Answer

Conjunto planetario

Answer

Corona dentada

Answer

Diferencial

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of final drive?

Accepted Answer

Spur gear

Answer

Worm gear

Answer

Bevel gear

Answer

Hypoid gear

Question 9

What is the primary function of a differential in a final drive?

Accepted Answer

To allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds while cornering.

Answer

To change the direction of rotation of the output shaft.

Answer

To increase the torque output of the transmission.

Question 10

Which of the following factors is NOT likely to influence the choice of final drive ratio?

Accepted Answer

The size of the engine.

Answer

The type of vehicle and its intended use.

Answer

The weight of the vehicle.

Question 11

What is the main purpose of a limited slip differential?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the wheels from spinning independently of each other when cornering.

Answer

To allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds while cornering.

Answer

To increase the torque output of the transmission.

Question 12

What specialized tool is commonly used to accurately measure the backlash between the gears in a final drive?

Accepted Answer

Dial gauge.

Answer

Feeler gauge.

Answer

Micrometer.

Answer

Vernier caliper.

Question 13

¿Cuál es la función principal del diferencial en una transmisión por eje?

Accepted Answer

Distribuir equitativamente el par motor y la velocidad a las ruedas para permitir el giro en las curvas.

Answer

Transmitir el par motor desde el motor a la transmisión

Answer

Reducir la velocidad de rotación del motor

Question 14

Menciona la principal ventaja de una transmisión por correa en comparación con una transmisión por cadena.

Accepted Answer

Funcionamiento más silencioso debido a la ausencia de contacto metálico.

Answer

Mayor eficiencia de transmisión

Answer

Menor coste de fabricación

Question 15

Indica la tarea de mantenimiento esencial para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de una transmisión por eje.

Accepted Answer

Lubricación periódica del diferencial y los rodamientos para reducir la fricción y el desgaste.

Answer

Ajuste de la tensión de la correa para evitar el deslizamiento

Answer

Limpieza de la cadena para eliminar la suciedad y la grasa

Answer

Reemplazo de la correa si está desgastada o dañada

Question 16

Describe la función específica del embrague centrífugo en una transmisión por correa.

Accepted Answer

Desconectar automáticamente la transmisión cuando el motor está al ralentí para evitar el arrastre de la correa.

Answer

Transmitir el par motor desde el motor a la polea motriz

Answer

Cambiar de marchas accionando diferentes poleas

Question 17

¿Qué tipo de transmisión final ofrece la mayor eficiencia de transmisión de potencia?

Accepted Answer

Transmisión por engranajes

Answer

Transmisión por correa

Answer

Transmisión por eje

Answer

Transmisión por cadena

Question 18

Explica brevemente cómo se consigue la inversión de la dirección de giro en una transmisión por eje.

Accepted Answer

Utilizando un mecanismo de piñones cónicos que invierten la dirección de rotación del eje de salida.

Answer

Cambiando la dirección de giro del motor

Answer

Modificando la tensión de la cadena

Question 19

En una transmisión por engranajes, ¿qué elemento transmite el movimiento de rotación del motor a las ruedas?

Accepted Answer

Piñones

Answer

Cardán

Answer

Cadenas

Answer

Correas

Question 20

El diferencial es un componente de la transmisión final que permite:

Accepted Answer

Que las ruedas giren a diferentes velocidades en las curvas.

Answer

Transmitir el movimiento de rotación a las ruedas.

Answer

Reducir la velocidad de rotación del motor.

Question 21

El par cónico es un tipo de engranaje que se encuentra en:

Accepted Answer

Diferencial

Answer

Transmisión por cadena

Answer

Transmisión por correa

Answer

Caja de cambios

Question 22

¿Qué herramienta se utiliza para medir el juego en los rodamientos de la transmisión final?

Accepted Answer

Comparador de carátula

Answer

Manómetro

Answer

Multímetro

Answer

Tacómetro

Question 23

La relación de transmisión final se define como la relación entre:

Accepted Answer

La velocidad del motor y la velocidad de las ruedas

Answer

El par motor y la velocidad de las ruedas.

Answer

El par de las ruedas y la velocidad del motor.

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of a differential in a vehicle's drivetrain?

Accepted Answer

To allow the wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds, enabling smooth cornering and increased traction.

Answer

To increase the torque transmitted to the wheels.

Answer

To reduce noise and vibration caused by the drivetrain.

Question 25

In which type of vehicle configuration is a transaxle typically used?

Accepted Answer

Front-wheel drive

Answer

Rear-wheel drive

Answer

Four-wheel drive

Answer

All-wheel drive

Question 26

What is the primary function of a crown wheel and pinion in a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

To transmit power at a 90-degree angle, allowing for the transfer of motion between perpendicular shafts.

Answer

To act as a differential, enabling wheels on the same axle to rotate at different speeds.

Answer

To increase the speed of the wheels.

Answer

To reduce the torque transmitted to the wheels.

Question 27

When servicing a worm gear transmission final, what type of lubricant is recommended for optimal performance?

Accepted Answer

EP (Extreme Pressure) oil, specifically formulated to withstand the high pressures and sliding friction present in worm gears.

Answer

Standard gear oil, commonly used in other types of transmission finals.

Answer

ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid), typically used in automatic transmissions.

Answer

Engine oil, not suitable for use in transmission finals due to different lubrication requirements.

Question 28

Which tool is typically used to accurately measure the backlash, or play, between the gears in a differential?

Accepted Answer

Dial indicator, a precision measuring device that allows for precise measurement of small movements and clearances.

Answer

Voltmeter, a tool used for measuring electrical voltage.

Answer

Torque wrench, a tool used for applying a specific amount of torque to fasteners.

Answer

Micrometer, a tool used for measuring small linear distances.

Question 29

What is the purpose of a pinion depth shim in a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

To adjust the meshing depth between the pinion and crown wheel, ensuring optimal gear engagement and reducing noise.

Answer

To reduce noise and vibration caused by the drivetrain.

Answer

To increase the torque transmitted to the wheels.

Question 30

Which of the following is a common symptom that may indicate a worn differential in a vehicle?

Accepted Answer

Whining noise during operation, caused by excessive wear or damage to the differential gears.

Answer

Vibration, which can be caused by a variety of factors, not exclusively related to the differential.

Answer

Difficulty shifting gears, typically associated with problems in the transmission or clutch system, not the differential.

Answer

Leaking fluid, which may indicate a seal failure or other issue unrelated to the differential.

Question 31

Why is it important to properly maintain a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

To extend the lifespan of the transmission, ensure smooth operation, and prevent costly repairs or replacements.

Answer

To improve fuel economy.

Answer

To increase the vehicle's performance.

Question 32

What is the primary function of the differential in a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

To allow wheels to rotate at different speeds

Answer

To reduce rotational speed

Answer

To transmit torque to the wheels

Question 33

Which maintenance task is crucial for a transmission final with a cardan shaft?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication

Answer

Adjustment

Answer

Cleaning

Answer

Replacement

Question 34

What is the main advantage of using a hypoid gear in a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

Power transmission and noise reduction

Answer

Gear lubrication

Answer

Torque increase

Question 35

What is the primary benefit of using a limited-slip differential in a transmission final?

Accepted Answer

Improved traction on slippery surfaces

Answer

Smoother gear changes

Answer

Reduced fuel consumption

Answer

Increased torque capacity

Question 36

What is the function of the constant velocity (CV) joint in a driveshaft transmission final?

Accepted Answer

Power transmission while accommodating angle changes

Answer

Driveshaft lubrication

Answer

Vibration reduction

Question 37

What is the primary function of the final drive in a vehicle?

Accepted Answer

To transfer power from the transmission to the wheels.

Answer

To regulate the engine's speed.

Answer

To control the vehicle's steering.

Question 38

Which of these is NOT a common type of final drive system?

Accepted Answer

Hydraulic drive

Answer

Differential

Answer

Axle shafts

Answer

Final drive gears

Question 39

What is the main purpose of a differential in a final drive system?

Accepted Answer

To allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds during turns.

Answer

To increase engine torque.

Answer

To provide braking force.

Question 40

What is the most common type of final drive found in modern passenger vehicles?

Accepted Answer

Hypoid gear final drive

Answer

Worm gear final drive

Answer

Bevel gear final drive

Question 41

What type of maintenance is typically needed for the final drive?

Accepted Answer

Lubrication, inspecting for leaks and wear, and adjusting the gears.

Answer

Changing engine oil and replacing the air filter.

Answer

Rotating tires and replacing brake pads.

Question 42

What is the main advantage of a limited-slip differential?

Accepted Answer

Improved traction on slippery surfaces.

Answer

Increased engine power output.

Answer

Reduced fuel consumption.

Answer

Enhanced steering response.

Question 43

What is the primary function of the final drive gears?

Accepted Answer

To increase or decrease the torque transmitted to the wheels.

Answer

To provide braking force.

Answer

To control the vehicle's speed.

Question 44

Which factors can significantly impact the lifespan of a final drive?

Accepted Answer

Driving conditions, maintenance practices, and vehicle load.

Answer

Engine oil viscosity and fuel quality.

Answer

Tire pressure and wheel alignment.

Question 45

What are some common signs that a final drive might be failing?

Accepted Answer

Unusual noises, vibrations, and difficulty turning.

Answer

Engine misfires and rough idling.

Answer

Loss of steering control and brake fade.

Question 46

Why is it crucial to maintain the correct final drive fluid level?

Accepted Answer

To ensure proper lubrication and prevent wear and tear on the gears.

Answer

To improve fuel economy.

Answer

To reduce noise and vibration.